Atypical histone H2A which can replace conventional H2A in some nucleosomes. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling. Nucleosomes containing this histone are less rigid and organize only 118 base pair of DNA instead of 147 in classical nucleosomes. They are associated with transcriptionally active chromatin and excluded form Barr bodies.
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