Defensin beta 4 ELISA Kit

Produktnummer ABIN1379939

Produktdetails Defensin beta 4 ELISA Kit

Target: Defensin beta 4 (DEFB4)

Reaktivität: Human

Nachweismethode: Colorimetric

Methodentyp: Sandwich ELISA

Detektionsbereich: 8-1000 pg/mL

Untere Nachweisgrenze: 8 pg/mL

Applikation: ELISA

Verwendungszweck: The OmniKine? Human BD-4 ELISA Kit contains the components necessary for quantitative determination of natural or recombinant Human BD-4 concentrations within any experimental sample including cell lysates, serum and plasma. This particular immunoassay utilizes the quantitative technique of a "Sandwich" Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) where the target protein (antigen) is bound in a "sandwich" format by the primary capture antibodies coated to each well-bottom and the secondary detection antibodies added subsequently by the investigator. The capture antibodies coated to the bottom of each well are specific for a particular epitope on Human BD-4 while the user-added detection antibodies bind to epitopes on the captured target protein. Amid each step of the procedure, a series of wash steps must be performed to ensure the elimination of non- specific binding between proteins to other proteins or to the solid phase. After incubation and "sandwiching" of the target antigen, a peroxidase enzyme is conjugated to the constant heavy chain of the secondary antibody (either covalently or via Avidin/Streptavidin-Biotin interactions), allowing for a colorimetric reaction to ensue upon substrate addition. When the substrate TMB (3, 3', 5, 5'-Tetramethylbenzidine) is added, the reaction catalyzed by peroxidase yields a blue color that is representative of the antigen concentration. Upon sufficient color development, the reaction can be terminated through addition of Stop Solution (2 N Sulfuric Acid) where the color of the solution will turn yellow. The absorbance of each well can then be read by a spectrophotometer, allowing for generation of a standard curve and subsequent determination of protein concentration.

Marke: OmniKine™

Proben: Cell Lysate, Serum, Plasma

Analytische Methode: Quantitative

Spezifität: The Human BD-4 ELISA Kit allows for the detection and quantification of endogenous levels of natural and/or recombinant Human BD-4 proteins.

Kreuzreaktivität (Details): The Human BD-4 ELISA is capable of recognizing both recombinant and naturally produced Human BD-4 proteins. The antigens listed below were tested at 50 ng/mL and did not exhibit significant cross reactivity or interference. Human: BD-1 (36 aa), BD-1 (47 aa), BD-2, BD-3

Produktmerkmale: The Human BD-4 ELISA Kit allows for the detection and quantification of endogenous levels of natural and/or recombinant Human BD-4 proteins within the range of 8-1000 pg/mL.

Bestandteile:

• Microstrips Coated w / Capture Antibody: 12 x 8-Well Microstrips
• Protein Standard: Lyophilized (100 ng), Red container
• Biotinylated Detection Antibody: Lyophilized, Yellow container
• 400x Streptavidin-HRP: 30 μL, Blue container
• Wash Buffer (10x): 50 mL, Clear containter
• Assay Diluent: 50 mL, Clear container
• Ready-to-Use Substrate: 12 mL, Brown container
• Stop Solution: 12 mL, Clear container
• Adhesive Plate Sealers: 4 Sheets
• Technical Manual 1 Manual

Benötigtes Material: The following materials and/or equipment are NOT provided in this kit but are necessary to successfully conduct the experiment:
Microplate reader able to measure absorbance at 450 nm (with correction wavelength set to 540 nm or 570 nm)
Micropipettes with capability of measuring volumes ranging from 1 μl to 1 mL
Deionized or sterile water
Squirt bottle, manifold dispenser, multichannel pipette reservoir or automated microplate washer
Graph paper or computer software capable of generating or displaying logarithmic functions
Absorbent paper or vacuum aspirator
Test tubes or microfuge tubes capable of storing ≥1 mL
Bench
top centrifuge (optional)
Bench
top vortex (optional)
Orbital shaker (optional)

Anwendungsinformationen

Plattentyp: Pre-coated

Protokoll: This particular immunoassay utilizes the quantitative technique of a Sandwich Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) where the target protein (antigen) is bound in a sandwich format by the primary capture antibodies coated to each well-bottom and the secondary detection antibodies added subsequently by the investigator. The capture antibodies coated to the bottom of each well are specific for a particular epitope on the Human BD-4 cytokine while the user-added detection antibodies bind to a variety of epitopes on the bound target protein. Amid each step of the procedure, a series of wash steps must be performed to ensure the elimination of non-specific binding between proteins to other proteins or to the solid phase. After incubation and sandwiching of the target antigen, a peroxidase enzyme is conjugated to the constant heavy chain of the secondary antibody (either covalently or via Avidin/Streptavidin-Biotin interactions), allowing for a colorimetric reaction to ensue upon substrate addition. When the substrate TMB (3, 3’, 5, 5’- Tetramethylbenzidine) is added, the reaction catalyzed by peroxidase yields a blue color that is representative of the antigen concentration. Upon sufficient color development, the reaction can be terminated through addition of Stop Solution (2 N Sulfuric Acid) where the color of the solution will turn yellow. The absorbance of each well can then be read by a spectrophotometer, allowing for generation of a standard curve and subsequent determination of protein concentration.

Aufbereitung der Proben:

If samples are to be used within 24 hours, aliquot and store at 4 °C. If samples are to be used over a long period of time, aliquot and store between -20 °C and -80 °C, depending on the duration of storage.
Note: Samples containing a visible precipitate or pellet must be clarified prior to use in the assay.
Caution: Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles to prevent loss of biological activity of proteins in experimental samples.

• Cell Lysate and Supernatants:
  Remove large cell components via centrifugation and perform the assay. Cell lysates and supernatants require a dilution using Assay Diluent. A serial dilution may be performed to determine a suitable dilution factor for the sample. For future use of the sample, follow the sample storage guidelines stated above.
• Serum:
  Allow samples to clot in a serum separator tube (SST) for 30 minutes. After sufficient clotting, centrifuge at 1000 x g for 15 minutes and remove serum from SST in preparation for the assay. Serum samples require at least a 1:50 dilution using Assay Diluent. For future use of the sample, follow the storage guidelines above.
• Plasma:
  Use heparin, citrate or EDTA as an anticoagulant to gather plasma from original biological sample. After collection of the plasma, centrifuge for 15 minutes at 1000 x g. This step must be performed within 30 minutes of plasma collection. Plasma samples require at least a 1:50 dilution using Assay Diluent. Afterwards, perform the assay or for future use of the sample, follow the storage guidelines stated above.

Testdurchführung:

Note: If possible, all incubation steps should be performed on an orbital shaker to equilibrate solutions when added to the microplate wells. Also, all provided solutions should be at ambient temperature prior to use.
Note: Avoid adding solutions into wells at an angle, always keep pipette tip perpendicular to plate bottom.

Reconstitution of Provided Materials:

1. Reconstitute the Biotin-Conjugated Detection Antibody in 67 µL of ddH₂O for a concentration of 180 µg/ml.
2. Reconstitute the Protein Standard in 100 µL of ddH₂O for a concentration of 340 ng/ml.
3. Dilute the 50 mL of 10x Wash Buffer in 450 mL of ddH2O for 500 mL of 1x Wash Buffer.

Addition of Known Standard and Unknown Sample to Immunoassay:

The OmniKine™ Human CD163 ELISA Kit allows for the detection and quantification of endogenous levels of natural and/or recombinant Human CD163 proteins

Ergebnisberechnung:

Generation of Standard Curve and Interpretation of Data
1. Average the duplicate or triplicate readings for each standard, control and sample and subtract the average zero standard optical density.
2. Generate a standard curve by using Microsoft Excel or other computer software capable of establishing a 4- Parameter Logistic (4-PL) curve fit. If using Excel or an alternative graphing tool, plot the average optical density values in absorbance units (y-axis) against the known standard concentrations in pg/ml (x-axis). Note: Only use the values in which a noticeable gradient can be established. Afterwards, generate a best fit curve or trend-line through the plotted points via regression analysis.

Beschränkungen: Nur für Forschungszwecke einsetzbar

Handhabung

Vorsichtsmaßnahmen: Reagents provided in this kit may be harmful if ingested, inhaled or absorbed through the skin. Please carefully review the MSDS for each reagent before conducting the experiment.
Stop Solution contains 2 N Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4) and is an extremely corrosive agent. Please wear proper eye, hand and face protection when handling this material. When the experiment is finished, be sure to rinse the plate with copious amounts of running water to dilute the Stop Solution prior to disposing the plate.

Handhabung: This ELISA kit is intended for research purposes only, NOT diagnostic or clinical procedures of any kind.
Materials included in this kit should NOT be used past the expiration date on the kit label.
Reagents or substrates included in this kit should NOT be mixed or substituted with reagents or substrates from any other kits.
Variations in pipetting technique, washing technique, operator laboratory technique, kit age, incubation time or temperature may cause differences in binding affinity of the materials provided.
The assay is designed to eliminate interference and background by other cellular macromolecules or factors present within any biological samples. However, the possibility of background noise cannot be fully excluded until all factors have been tested using the assay kit.

Reagents provided in this kit may be harmful if ingested, inhaled or absorbed through the skin. Please carefully review the MSDS for each reagent before conducting the experiment.
Stop Solution contains 2 N Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4) and is an extremely corrosive agent. Please wear proper eye, hand and face protection when handling this material. When the experiment is finished, be sure to rinse the plate with copious amounts of running water to dilute the Stop Solution prior to disposing the plate.

Lagerung: 4 °C

Informationen zur Lagerung: Note: If used frequently, reagents may be stored at 4 °C.

• Unopened Kits: Store at 4 °C for 6 months.
• Microstrips Coated w/ Capture Antibody, 400x Streptavidin-HRP Wash Buffer (10x), Assay Diluent Ready-to-Use Substrate, Stop Solution: 6 Months at 4 °C
• Protein Standard, Biotinylated Detection Antibody: Lyophilized: 6 Months (if Reconstituted: 1 Month) at 4 °C

Details zu Defensin beta 4

Target: Defensin beta 4 (DEFB4)

Andere Bezeichnung: BD-4 (DEFB4 Produkte)

Synonyme: BD-2 ELISA Kit, DEFB-2 ELISA Kit, DEFB102 ELISA Kit, DEFB2 ELISA Kit, DEFB4 ELISA Kit, HBD-2 ELISA Kit, SAP1 ELISA Kit, 2310001F05Rik ELISA Kit, BD-4 ELISA Kit, Defb2 ELISA Kit, Defb3 ELISA Kit, BNBD-4 ELISA Kit, BNBD4 ELISA Kit, defensin beta 4A ELISA Kit, defensin beta 4 ELISA Kit, defensin, beta 4A ELISA Kit, DEFB4A ELISA Kit, Defb4 ELISA Kit

Hintergrund: Human BD-4, also known as Beta-Defensin 4, is a 72 amino acid cytokine protein, encoded by the DEFB104AB gene, which is commonly known for its antimicrobial activity via synergistic effects with lysozymes and Beta-Defensin 3. The antimicrobial activity displayed by BD-4 is commonly dependent upon the sodium chloride concentration in the vicinity of the cell such that the antibiotic capability is decreased as NaCl concentration increases and vice versa. The BD-4 peptide undergoes proteolytic processing further into its mature form via cleavage of its 22 residue signal sequence, resulting in the mature 50 residue BD-4 cytokine. The mature forms of all 4 types of Beta-Defensin cytokines are distinguished from their Alpha-Defensin counterparts such that they contain the characteristic 6 cysteine structural motifs via 3 disulfide linkages. Generally, defensins form a family of microbicidal and cytotoxic peptides made by neutrophils. Moreover, members of the defensin family are highly similar in protein sequence. In terms of tissue specificity, Human BD-4 is highly expressed in male testes while expressed much less in the female uterus. Furthermore, the cytokine is highly prevalent on the plasma membranes of gastric antrum while lower in neutrophils, thyroid glands, lungs and kidneys. Aside from its antimicrobial functions, human Beta- Defensin 4 is attracted via chemical stimuli towards immature dendritic cells and memory T-cells. Source: Entrez Gene: DEFB4AB, defensin, beta 4AB [Homo sapiens], Swiss-Prot: Q8WTQ1

UniProt: Q8WTQ1